The Vikings experienced colder climates in the 1300s due to their farming and logging activities. Additionally, Diamond (2005) illustrates that the second framework that is based on climatic changes. The implications inconvenienced the Iron Age culture of the Vikings meaning that their future was threatened since they could not smelt iron, which was a tool essential for their survival. Consequently, there was the scarcity of food and charcoal in a culture, which was characterized by iron making. According to Diamond (2005), careless farming and logging activities by the Vikings unexpectedly led to deforestation and erosion. This aspect encompasses all human activities that affect environmental sustainability.

The first framework that determines the survival of societies is the human environmental impact. Environmental Damage Exerted by Humanity and Climatic Change over the Years However, the first one is usually significant in almost all societies. However, not all these factors are responsible for the collapse of societies. These factors tend to explain how societies can survive or collapse over a given period due to the dynamic nature of socio-economic and political events. The five issues raised include human environmental impact, climate change, relations with friendly neighbours, relations with hostile neighbours, and social attitudes. Jared Diamond came up with the five-key framework that explains societal collapse. Learn more Jared Diamond’s Framework of Collapse

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